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Johann Jacob Friedrich Wilhelm Parrot (14 October 1791〔(Паррот Иоганн Якоб Фридрих Вильгельм ) // Russian Academy of Sciences〕 – 15 January 1841) was a German naturalist and traveller, who lived and worked in what was then the Governorate of Livonia, a part of the Russian Empire.〔Joseph Thomas (Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology, Volume 2 ) 1901〕 == Biography == Parrot was born in Karlsruhe. He studied medicine and natural science at the University of Dorpat in present-day Estonia and, in 1811, undertook an expedition to the Crimea and the Caucasus with Moritz von Engelhardt. There he used a barometer to measure the difference in sea level between the Caspian Sea and Black Sea. On his return he was appointed assistant doctor and, in 1815, surgeon in the Russian army. In 1816 and 1817, he visited the Alps and Pyrenees. In 1821, he was professor of physiology and pathology, then in 1826 professor of physics at the University of Dorpat, and in 1828 Parrot undertook another voyage to Kakheti and Armenia. In 1837 he went to Tornio in northern Finland to observe oscillations of a pendulum and terrestrial magnetism. He invented a gasometer and a baro-thermometer. In Livonia he popularised the Catalonian sundial, a small, cylindrical, pocket-sized instrument, approximately 8 cm in length and 1.5 cm in diameter. On 27 September 1829, Parrot, a pioneer of scientific mountaineering, whilst professor of physics of the University of Dorpat, reached the summit of Mount Ararat (5,137 m) with Khachatur Abovian (the Armenian writer and national public figure) and three other students.〔(Turkey, Estonia mark first ascent to Mount Ararat )〕 Parrot died in Dorpat (Tartu). He was survived by his daughter, Anna Magaretha Parrot, who married Conrad Jacob Strauch. Their descendants now reside in Australia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Friedrich Parrot」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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